Final Front Cover
Diet Page 1
Diet Page 2 
Fashion Page 1
Fashion Page 2By Anika & Manpreet
Thursday, 6 May 2010
Final Critical Investigation
Are females in teen movies always seen as bimbos and sex objects? Why might this be?
To a large extent females in teen movies are seen by audiences to be bimbos and sex objects. This could be due to the way they are represented by the producers and the costumes that they are dressed in, which are mainly revealing, sexual and provocative. A vast majority of the time, “female stars are constructed to appeal to male desire”[1] and therefore in order to appeal to a traditional male audience, females in teen movies are represented as passive objects. Laura Mulvey argued that “Hollywood cinema objectified women in an image for the pleasure of men.”[2] This idea is evident in the 2004 movie, ‘Mean Girls, which follows the protagonist on her journey to becoming a ‘plastic’. The plastics, as the main protagonists of the narrative, are shown to be complete opposites. Regina George is constructed to be the ‘femme fatale’ of the movie, with ‘her lackies’ Karen Smith (the ‘bimbo’) and Gretchen Weiner (the ‘sheep’) following her every move which suggests the idea of a young women being like a child wanting to be exactly like her favourite ‘Barbie doll’.
At the start of the movie, it is evident that Karen Smith, the first of the plastics that we are introduced to, is a bimbo. The scene depicts the ‘plastics’ partaking in a physical education lesson where Karen runs to catch the ball but ends up accidentally hitting it with her ‘boobs’ instead. Another female character, Janice, who contrastingly is shown to be a gothic, more ‘masculine’ figure, tells the protagonist: “That’s Karen Smith, she’s one of the dumbest girls you’ll ever meet.”[3] The closes up shots of this group of friends sitting on the grass depict them mocking her and what she did to the character Damien in their English class. “She asked me how to spell ‘orange’!” [4]This denigrates her in a sexist way and reinforces her status as the bimbo.
Further, an enduring common stereotype of a young female is the ‘bimbo’, which is typically denoted through, blonde hair, flashy make-up, large breasts, mini skirt and high heels. These stereotypes can have an impact upon females for instance; if they are continually stereotyped negatively they will start to accept the labelling. As a result, this leads to the self-full-filling prophecy as they will start acting like the ‘typical’ bimbo as they are being regarded as as. Also, she is seen to be uneducated, helpless and stupid; this appeals to a primary audience of males due to predatory male desire, which reinforces the idea of Mulvey’s theory of the active, controlling ‘male gaze’. Females in teen movies are more frequently given the passive roles rather than the active whereby, “In the past, lead roles for women have always seemed scarce compared to males”[5]
Moreover, female teenagers are represented as passive objects due to their role they have been given in cinema. Mean Girls is an example of a film which provides visual pleasure through voyeurism, and they way in which the opposite sex has a sexual interest in looking at the sexual activity or intimate behaviours, which may be considered of a private nature. An example can be taken from the text ‘Mean Girls’ as there is a shot of the character ‘Regina George’ on the bed with her boyfriend.
This argues that female actresses had limited roles against men as they over powered the cinema. In ’Mean Girls’ the female actresses have the roles of being a distinctive ‘girly’ girl. However, males play part in more of the action part of the narrative. “When females have roles, they are mostly shown as being negative roles,”[6] this can be seen in the movie Mean Girls as they are constantly being represented negatively throughout the film, which is due to the role that they have been told to play and take part in. This can be due to the clothing they wear and the way they act. For example; the medium slow motion shot of the four main protagonists in Mean Girls draws attention to the clothing, which is exceedingly provocative which backs up the quote above. What’s more, a long shot shows the way the ‘four plastics’ walk in the corridor. The plastics were made to walk in a confident and sexual way which resembled a predator going after its prey, reinforcing that they are ‘man eaters’.
More to the point, “The typical complaint is that women in films are either 'virgins, mothers or whores”[7], this quote shows that women have set roles in the viewers eyes, which portrays the fact that there will always be an appalling and negative reputation for females. This can be seen in the text ‘Mean ‘Girls’ as there is a particular scene in the film showing Karen Smith going inside her bedroom with a male, Which then her mum knock on the door and say’s: “Can I get you kids anything? Something to eat or drink, How about a Condom?”[8] This quote shows that sex today has become more accepted in society as mothers are not telling their children not to have sex but offering those condoms and near enough saying that is acceptable. However, this goes against the typical ideology of women as they are meant to be represented as housewives that cook and clean for their family. Also, it shows how values have changed over time in society as parents in the past would educate their child about something useful and necessary. The fact that she said ‘kid’ makes the scene more dramatic as it shows that their not even old enough to have sex; it almost patronizes them.
On the other hand, female stars are making the films more exciting and thrilling to watch. This can be due to “The number of female protagonists which has increased and female characters play a larger part in propelling the narrative forward”[9]. This can be obvious through the role of being a sexual object to satisfy the male desire or being a ‘bimbo’ to make the film appeal to a wider market. Also, the quote shows that females are being used to make the film more recognised and known, and this will be done by the way they act on screen and the role that they will play.
The main protagonists are dressed in tight costumes such as; long leather boots, tight leather like red skirts and boob tubes. The connotation of this specific colour red signifies love, passion and romance. Combining both the connotations and provocative clothing shows that the text is partially for a male audience because, males are seen to be attracted to the female body, and the red connotation represents romance between the opposite sexes. Therefore the "Audience gains voyeuristic pleasure from watching a film"[10]
Also, the text can be viewed from a C1 and below demo-graphic audience. As, the film is based on teenagers it would not make sense if A and B socio demo-graphic groups were watching it; other than for surveillance purposes. Moreover, the audience can relate to the text for escapism and surveillance purposes. Whereby; they may relate the text to their personal relationship or watch the film for their own visual pleasure. The target audience for the film is mainly targeted at females who may watch the text for personal identity.
The reason why I have chosen to look at the film ‘Breakfast at Tiffany’s’ in contrast to mean girls is because, it is a well recognized mainstream hit whereas, mean girls is a modernized version of a teen movie in today’s generation. The film is about a man who moves into a New York apartment building and becomes interested in his pretty, quirky neighbour Holly Golightly. Her lifestyle is somewhat different as it is confusing and fascinates Paul. It is said that in public she flirts around, being sexy and sophisticated but when the two are alone she plays a sweet and vulnerable act. Even though, Audrey Hepburn plays a daring and sexy part in this film. She does not expose her body in an appealing way and to satisfy the male audience and their desire.
Although, she is sexy, stunning and sophisticated she does not show it in a seductive or provocative way. For instance; she does not show off flesh and is only a one man’s women. Never the less, in mean girls this is represented in the opposite way as young teenage girls are seen as sexual objects and dumb blonde bimbos.
By this, we can see how much society has changed over years gone by as, films in the 60’s were seen to be more about housewives and even though they were sexy they didn’t make it seductive in order to please the audience. Therefore; this goes against the typical values for women as their roles are changing as years go by.
Never the less, this is not the type of representation we as the audience would accept from a 1960’s film. As females were more to be seen as housewives, this goes against the hegemony values as this film shows a women that is seductive and sexy in a discreet way. Though, a vast majority of the time, the props that were worn throughout the movie was a long black dress which could signify that she’s powerful, has strong emotions and is sophisticated. Also, the fact that she wears a dark colour dress can be because, she’s feeling inconspicuous and maybe empty.
Whilst studying the title on a number of different media platforms we can identify how this representation can be presented on broadcast, print and e-media. For example, for e-media the representation of teenage girls can be exaggerated on websites such as; miss bimbo. Whereby; the audience can create characters to their own likening. The user generated content allows individuals to get more involved with each other and share their opinions. On the website, www.missbimbo.com people can get involved with each other and talk amongst them. The website is more concentrated on how consumers can create their own characters and can browse the site for fashion tips and news etc.
Currently, in the 21st century we as the audience look at “teen films as addressing major issues like, alienation, delinquency, rebellion, sex and gender”.[11] A great example of reinforcing this quote would be in the text ‘Mean Girls’ whereby; the main four protagonists form a group called ‘the plastics’. The plastics are represented as high maintenance ‘bimbos’, who attract the voyeuristic pleasure of the male audience. Also, the assumption of the girls promoting sexuality and “humour arises from the use of sexual innuendo, double meanings, embarrassing situations, stereotyping of gender and sexuality”[12]
Further, the primary audience which relates to the text “Mean Girls” and follows the conventions of a typical teen movie are females. The reason why the primary audience is females is because the text is almost an eye opener for teenage girls and their stereotypes. However, the secondary audience would be males typically for the ‘male desire’ and the attraction to the female body and the way in which the they are represented on screen.
Taking a scene from the text the character ‘Regina George’ said “stop calling each other sluts; it makes it okay for boys to call you that”[13] This shows that there is an increase in female awareness of the patriarchal society and that they are attempting to stop the negative stereotypes.
To conclude, I agree that females are seen as bimbos and sex objects in teen movies because, the representation on screen is negative and the way in which they are constructed in cinema are in a sexual way whereby; they appeal to the male desire. This can be evident to the film mean girls as they are mainly dressed in a sexual way in order to grab the males attention, maybe not on screen as the film is targeted a female audience but the school environment where the film is mainly shot. This follows Mulvey’s theory of the ‘male gaze’ as a male audience may watch the film for their own visual pleasure. Also, the film takes us on a journey about the different beliefs and ideologies that arise in a teenager’s life and how they are stereotyped in today’s society.
Bibliography
Works Cited:
Books:
1. Graham, A, and David Probert, (2008), Advanced Media Studies: Unknown: Philip Allan Updates
2. Jill, N, (1996), an Introduction to Film Studies, London.
3. Laura, M,(1975), Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema, New York.
4. Thompson, D, (2001), Radical Feminism Today. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Ltd
5. Graham, A, and David Probert, (2008), Advanced Media Studies: Unknown: Philip Allan Updates
6. Blandford, S, (2001), the Films Studies Dictionary, London: Arnold.
Websites:
1. Is Mulvey still relevant when analyzing female representation in action films, with partic: http://dominantroles.blogspot.com/
Symbolic annihilation:
2. http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_annihilation
Female Protagonist:
3. http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/824016/index.html
Female Protagonist:
4. http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/824016/index.html
5. Feminist Film Theory:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Pleasure_and_Narrative_Cinema
6. Laura Mulvey:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Mulvey
7. Mean Girls:
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0377092/
Moving Text:
1. Mean Girls Clip:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKmkXNIZBJg
2. Breakfast at Tiffany’s Trailer:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=urQVzgEO_w8
3. Mean Girls:
http://www.imdb.com/video/screenplay/vi1827930905/
Newspapers:
1. Lost Youth: Turning young girls into sex symbols:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2009/sep/18/lost-youth-young-girls
2. Observer survey reveals gender barrier stopping women reaching the top:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2009/aug/23/women-business-harriet-harman-equality
3. Just don’t call them chick flicks:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2007/aug/31/edinburghfilmfestival2007.festivals
[2] Laura Mulvey (1975),"Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema”
[3] Mean Girls Dir. Mark Waters (Viii). Perf. Mark Waters. Paramount, 2004.
[4] Mean Girls Dir. Mark Waters (Viii). Perf. Mark Waters. Paramount, 2004.
[5] Laura Mulvey (1975),"Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema”
[10] Jill, Nelmes, (1996), London, Page 230
[11]Blandford, Steve,(2001) London, pg 238
[12] Nathan, Adrams, (2001) New York, pg 244
[13] Mean Girls Dir. Mark Waters (Viii). Perf. Mark Waters. Paramount, 2004.
Thursday, 1 April 2010
Third Draft Of Critical Investigation...
Are females in teen movies always seen as bimbos and sex objects? Why might this be?
To a large extent females in teen movies are seen by audiences to be bimbos and sex objects. This could be due to the way they are represented by the producers and the costumes that they are dressed in, which are mainly revealing, sexual and provocative. A vast majority of the time, “female stars are constructed to appeal to male desire” and therefore in order to appeal to a traditional male audience, females in teen movies are represented as passive objects. Laura Mulvey argued that “Hollywood cinema objectified women in an image for the pleasure of men.” This idea is evident in the 2004 movie, ‘Mean Girls, which follows the protagonist on her journey to becoming a ‘plastic’. The plastics, as the main protagonists of the narrative, are shown to be complete opposites. Regina George is constructed to be the ‘femme fatale’ of the movie, with ‘her lackies’ Karen Smith (the ‘bimbo’) and Gretchen Weiner (the ‘sheep’) following her every move which suggests the idea of a young women being like a child wanting to be exactly like her favourite ‘Barbie doll’.
At the start of the movie, it is evident that Karen Smith, the first of the plastics that we are introduced to, is a bimbo. The scene depicts the ‘plastics’ partaking in a physical education lesson where Karen runs to catch the ball but ends up accidentally hitting it with her ‘boobs’ instead. Another female character, Janice, who contrastingly is shown to be a gothic, more ‘masculine’ figure, tells the protagonist: “That’s Karen Smith, she’s one of the dumbest girls you’ll ever meet.” The closes up shots of this group of friends sitting on the grass depict them mocking her and what she did to the character Damien in their English class. “She asked me how to spell ‘orange’!” This denigrates her in a sexist way and reinforces her status as the bimbo.
Further, an enduring common stereotype of a young female is the ‘bimbo’, which is typically denoted through, blonde hair, flashy make-up, large breasts, mini skirt and high heels. These stereotypes can have an impact upon females for instance; if they are continually stereotyped negatively they will start to accept the labelling. As a result, this leads to the self-full-filling prophecy as they will start acting like the ‘typical’ bimbo as they are being regarded as. Also, she is seen to be uneducated, helpless and stupid; this appeals to a primary audience of males due to predatory male desire, which reinforces the idea of Mulvey’s theory of the active, controlling ‘male gaze’. Females in teen movies are more frequently given the passive roles rather than the active whereby, “In the past, lead roles for women have always seemed scarce compared to males”
However, gender is a major aspect when discussing gender representation. Representation has changed dramatically and “women's roles in western society have been nothing short of phenomenal” This shows that the status of women has not really changed and that we are living in a male-dominated society.
Moreover, female teenagers are represented as passive objects due to their role they have been given in cinema. Mean Girls is an example of a film which provides visual pleasure through voyeurism, and they way in which the opposite sex has a sexual interest in looking at the sexual activity or intimate behaviours, which may be considered of a private nature. An example can be taken from the text ‘Mean Girls’ as there is a shot of the character ‘Regina George’ on the bed with her boyfriend. This can refer to the hypo-der-mic needle theory as it is injecting information into the audience and as a result making society believe that it is now acceptable in today’s society for young teenage girls to have sexual intercourse.
This argues that female actresses had limited roles against men as they over powered the cinema. In ’Mean Girls’ the female actresses have the roles of being a distinctive ‘girly’ girl. However, males play part in more of the action part of the narrative. “When females have roles, they are mostly shown as being negative roles,” this can be seen in the movie Mean Girls as they are constantly being represented negatively throughout the film, which is due to the role that they have been told to play and take part in. This can be due to the clothing they wear and the way they act. For example; the medium slow motion shot of the four main protagonists in Mean Girls draws attention to the clothing, which is exceedingly provocative which backs up the quote above. What’s more, a long shot shows the way the ‘four plastics’ walk in the corridor. The plastics were made to walk in a confident and sexual way which resembled a predator going after its prey, reinforcing that they are ‘man eaters’.
More to the point, “The typical complaint is that women in films are either 'virgins, mothers or whores” , this quote shows that women have set roles in the viewers eyes, which portrays the fact that there will always be an appalling and negative reputation for females. This can be seen in the text ‘Mean ‘Girls’ as there is a particular scene in the film showing Karen Smith going inside her bedroom with a male, Which then her mum knock on the door and say’s: “Can I get you kids anything? Something to eat or drink, How about a Condom?” This quote shows that sex today has become more accepted in society as mothers are not telling their children not to have sex but offering those condoms and near enough saying that is acceptable.
However, this goes against the typical ideology of women as they are meant to be represented as housewives that cook and clean for their family. Also, it shows how values have changed over time in society as parents in the past would educate their child about something useful and necessary. The fact that she said ‘kid’ makes the scene more dramatic as it shows that their not even old enough to have sex; it almost patronizes them.
On the other hand, female stars are making the films more exciting and thrilling to watch. This can be due to “The number of female protagonists which has increased and female characters play a larger part in propelling the narrative forward” . This can be obvious through the role of being a sexual object to satisfy the male desire or being a ‘bimbo’ to make the film appeal to a wider market. Also, the quote shows that females are being used to make the film more recognised and known, and this will be done by the way they act on screen and the role that they will play.
The main protagonists are dressed in tight costumes such as; long leather boots, tight leather like red skirts and boob tubes. The connotation of this specific colour red signifies love, passion and romance. Combining both the connotations and provocative clothing shows that the text is partially for a male audience because, males are seen to be attracted to the female body, and the red connotation represents romance between the opposite sexes. Therefore the "Audience gains voyeuristic pleasure from watching a film"
Also, the text can be viewed from a C1 and below demo-graphic audience. As, the film is based on teenagers it would not make sense if A and B socio demo-graphic groups were watching it; other than for surveillance purposes. Moreover, the audience can relate to the text for escapism and surveillance purposes. Whereby; they may relate the text to their personal relationship or watch the film for their own visual pleasure. The target audience for the film is mainly targeted at females who may watch the text for personal identity.
The reason why I have chosen to look at the film ‘Breakfast at Tiffany’s’ in contrast to mean girls is because, it is a well recognized mainstream hit whereas, mean girls is a modernized version of a teen movie in today’s generation. The film is about a man who moves into a New York apartment building and becomes interested in his pretty, quirky neighbour Holly Golightly. Her lifestyle is somewhat different as it is confusing and fascinates Paul. It is said that in public she flirts around, being sexy and sophisticated but when the two are alone she plays a sweet and vulnerable act. Even though, Audrey Hepburn plays a daring and sexy part in this film. She does not expose her body in an appealing way and to satisfy the male audience and their desire.
Although, she is sexy, stunning and sophisticated she does not show it in a seductive or provocative way. For instance; she does not show off flesh and is only a one man’s women. Never the less, in mean girls this is represented in the opposite way as young teenage girls are seen as sexual objects and dumb blonde bimbos.
By this, we can see how much society has changed over years gone by as, films in the 60’s were seen to be more about housewives and even though they were sexy they didn’t make it seductive in order to please the audience. Therefore; this goes against the typical values for women as their roles are changing as years go by.
Never the less, this is not the type of representation we as the audience would accept from a 1960’s film. As females were more to be seen as housewives, this goes against the hegemony values as this film shows a women that is seductive and sexy in a discreet way. Though, a vast majority of the time, the props that were worn throughout the movie was a long black dress which could signify that she’s powerful, has strong emotions and is sophisticated. Also, the fact that she wears a dark colour dress can be because, she’s feeling inconspicuous and maybe empty in terms of not having a man in her life or not receiving the day to day tender loving care.
Whilst studying the title on a number of different media platforms we can identify how this representation can be presented on broadcast, print and e-media. For example, for e-media the representation of teenage girls can be exaggerated on websites such as; miss bimbo. Whereby; the audience can create characters to their own likening. The user generated content allows individuals to get more involved with each other and share their opinions. On the website, www.missbimbo.com people can get involved with each other and talk amongst them. The website is more concentrated on how consumers can create their own characters and can browse the site for fashion tips and news etc.
Currently, in the 21st century we as the audience look at “teen films as addressing major issues like, alienation, delinquency, rebellion, sex and gender”. A great example of reinforcing this quote would be in the text ‘Mean Girls’ whereby; the main four protagonists form a group called ‘the plastics’. The plastics are represented as high maintenance ‘bimbos’, who attract the voyeuristic pleasure for the male audience.
Also, the assumption of the girls promoting sexuality and “humour arises from the use of sexual innuendo, double meanings, embarrassing situations, stereotyping of gender and sexuality”
Further, the primary audience which relates to the text “Mean Girls” and follows the conventions of a typical teen movie are females. The reason why the primary audience is females is because the text is almost an eye opener for teenage girls and their stereotypes. However, the secondary audience would be males typically for the ‘male desire’ and the attraction to the female body and the way in which the they are represented on screen.
Taking a scene from the text the character ‘Regina George’ said “stop calling each other sluts; it makes it okay for boys to call you that” This shows that there is an increase in female awareness of the patriarchal society, and that they are attempting to stop the negative stereotypes between themselves. Though, it is ‘okay’ and somewhat acceptable for boys to call them that.
To conclude, females are seen as bimbos and sex objects in teen movies because, the representation on screen is negative and the way in which they are constructed in cinema are in a sexual way whereby; they appeal to the male desire. This can be evident to the film mean girls as they are mainly dressed in a sexual way in order to grab the male’s attention. This follows Mulvey’s theory of the ‘male gaze’ as a male audience may watch the film for their own visual pleasure. Also, the film takes us on a journey about the different values and ideologies that occur in a distinctive teenager’s life and how they can be typically stereotyped in today’s society.
Word Count:
2,439
Bibliography
Works Cited:
Books:
1. Jill, N, (1996), an Introduction to Film Studies, London.
2. Laura, M,(1975), Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema, New York.
3. Graham, A, and David Probert, (2008), Advanced Media Studies: Unknown: Philip Allan Updates
4. Blandford, S, (2001), the Films Studies Dictionary, London: Arnold.
Websites:
1. Is Mulvey still relevant when analyzing female representation in action films, with partic: http://dominantroles.blogspot.com/
Female Protagonist:
2. http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/824016/index.html
3. Gender and Media Representation:
http://www.mediaknowall.com/as_alevel/alevel.php?pageID=gender
Works Consulted:
Books:
1. Graham, A, and David Probert, (2008), Advanced Media Studies: Unknown: Philip Allan Updates
2. Thompson, D, (2001), Radical Feminism Today. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Ltd
Websites:
1. Memorable quotes from Mean Girls:
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0377092/quotes
2. Mean Girls, Film Review:
http://www.apolloguide.com/mov_fullrev.asp?CID=5238
3. Official Paramount Website:
http://www.paramount.com/
4. Symbolic annihilation:
http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_annihilation
5. Feminist Film Theory:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Pleasure_and_Narrative_Cinema
6. Mean Girls:
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0377092/
7. Laura Mulvey:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Mulvey
Moving Text:
1. Mean Girls Clip:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKmkXNIZBJg
2. Breakfast at Tiffany’s Trailer:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=urQVzgEO_w8
3. Mean Girls:
http://www.imdb.com/video/screenplay/vi1827930905/
Newspapers:
1. It’s wrong to label young girls as promiscuous:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2010/jan/17/teenage-girls-celebrity-big-brother
2. Where have all the good women gone:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2009/feb/21/romantic-comedy-good-women
3. Where are the meaty comedy roles for women:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2009/feb/20/comedy-women-film-anne-billson
4. Lost Youth: Turning young girls into sex symbols:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2009/sep/18/lost-youth-young-girls
5. Observer survey reveals gender barrier stopping women reaching the top:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2009/aug/23/women-business-harriet-harman-equality
6. Just don’t call them chick flicks:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2007/aug/31/edinburghfilmfestival2007.festivals
To a large extent females in teen movies are seen by audiences to be bimbos and sex objects. This could be due to the way they are represented by the producers and the costumes that they are dressed in, which are mainly revealing, sexual and provocative. A vast majority of the time, “female stars are constructed to appeal to male desire” and therefore in order to appeal to a traditional male audience, females in teen movies are represented as passive objects. Laura Mulvey argued that “Hollywood cinema objectified women in an image for the pleasure of men.” This idea is evident in the 2004 movie, ‘Mean Girls, which follows the protagonist on her journey to becoming a ‘plastic’. The plastics, as the main protagonists of the narrative, are shown to be complete opposites. Regina George is constructed to be the ‘femme fatale’ of the movie, with ‘her lackies’ Karen Smith (the ‘bimbo’) and Gretchen Weiner (the ‘sheep’) following her every move which suggests the idea of a young women being like a child wanting to be exactly like her favourite ‘Barbie doll’.
At the start of the movie, it is evident that Karen Smith, the first of the plastics that we are introduced to, is a bimbo. The scene depicts the ‘plastics’ partaking in a physical education lesson where Karen runs to catch the ball but ends up accidentally hitting it with her ‘boobs’ instead. Another female character, Janice, who contrastingly is shown to be a gothic, more ‘masculine’ figure, tells the protagonist: “That’s Karen Smith, she’s one of the dumbest girls you’ll ever meet.” The closes up shots of this group of friends sitting on the grass depict them mocking her and what she did to the character Damien in their English class. “She asked me how to spell ‘orange’!” This denigrates her in a sexist way and reinforces her status as the bimbo.
Further, an enduring common stereotype of a young female is the ‘bimbo’, which is typically denoted through, blonde hair, flashy make-up, large breasts, mini skirt and high heels. These stereotypes can have an impact upon females for instance; if they are continually stereotyped negatively they will start to accept the labelling. As a result, this leads to the self-full-filling prophecy as they will start acting like the ‘typical’ bimbo as they are being regarded as. Also, she is seen to be uneducated, helpless and stupid; this appeals to a primary audience of males due to predatory male desire, which reinforces the idea of Mulvey’s theory of the active, controlling ‘male gaze’. Females in teen movies are more frequently given the passive roles rather than the active whereby, “In the past, lead roles for women have always seemed scarce compared to males”
However, gender is a major aspect when discussing gender representation. Representation has changed dramatically and “women's roles in western society have been nothing short of phenomenal” This shows that the status of women has not really changed and that we are living in a male-dominated society.
Moreover, female teenagers are represented as passive objects due to their role they have been given in cinema. Mean Girls is an example of a film which provides visual pleasure through voyeurism, and they way in which the opposite sex has a sexual interest in looking at the sexual activity or intimate behaviours, which may be considered of a private nature. An example can be taken from the text ‘Mean Girls’ as there is a shot of the character ‘Regina George’ on the bed with her boyfriend. This can refer to the hypo-der-mic needle theory as it is injecting information into the audience and as a result making society believe that it is now acceptable in today’s society for young teenage girls to have sexual intercourse.
This argues that female actresses had limited roles against men as they over powered the cinema. In ’Mean Girls’ the female actresses have the roles of being a distinctive ‘girly’ girl. However, males play part in more of the action part of the narrative. “When females have roles, they are mostly shown as being negative roles,” this can be seen in the movie Mean Girls as they are constantly being represented negatively throughout the film, which is due to the role that they have been told to play and take part in. This can be due to the clothing they wear and the way they act. For example; the medium slow motion shot of the four main protagonists in Mean Girls draws attention to the clothing, which is exceedingly provocative which backs up the quote above. What’s more, a long shot shows the way the ‘four plastics’ walk in the corridor. The plastics were made to walk in a confident and sexual way which resembled a predator going after its prey, reinforcing that they are ‘man eaters’.
More to the point, “The typical complaint is that women in films are either 'virgins, mothers or whores” , this quote shows that women have set roles in the viewers eyes, which portrays the fact that there will always be an appalling and negative reputation for females. This can be seen in the text ‘Mean ‘Girls’ as there is a particular scene in the film showing Karen Smith going inside her bedroom with a male, Which then her mum knock on the door and say’s: “Can I get you kids anything? Something to eat or drink, How about a Condom?” This quote shows that sex today has become more accepted in society as mothers are not telling their children not to have sex but offering those condoms and near enough saying that is acceptable.
However, this goes against the typical ideology of women as they are meant to be represented as housewives that cook and clean for their family. Also, it shows how values have changed over time in society as parents in the past would educate their child about something useful and necessary. The fact that she said ‘kid’ makes the scene more dramatic as it shows that their not even old enough to have sex; it almost patronizes them.
On the other hand, female stars are making the films more exciting and thrilling to watch. This can be due to “The number of female protagonists which has increased and female characters play a larger part in propelling the narrative forward” . This can be obvious through the role of being a sexual object to satisfy the male desire or being a ‘bimbo’ to make the film appeal to a wider market. Also, the quote shows that females are being used to make the film more recognised and known, and this will be done by the way they act on screen and the role that they will play.
The main protagonists are dressed in tight costumes such as; long leather boots, tight leather like red skirts and boob tubes. The connotation of this specific colour red signifies love, passion and romance. Combining both the connotations and provocative clothing shows that the text is partially for a male audience because, males are seen to be attracted to the female body, and the red connotation represents romance between the opposite sexes. Therefore the "Audience gains voyeuristic pleasure from watching a film"
Also, the text can be viewed from a C1 and below demo-graphic audience. As, the film is based on teenagers it would not make sense if A and B socio demo-graphic groups were watching it; other than for surveillance purposes. Moreover, the audience can relate to the text for escapism and surveillance purposes. Whereby; they may relate the text to their personal relationship or watch the film for their own visual pleasure. The target audience for the film is mainly targeted at females who may watch the text for personal identity.
The reason why I have chosen to look at the film ‘Breakfast at Tiffany’s’ in contrast to mean girls is because, it is a well recognized mainstream hit whereas, mean girls is a modernized version of a teen movie in today’s generation. The film is about a man who moves into a New York apartment building and becomes interested in his pretty, quirky neighbour Holly Golightly. Her lifestyle is somewhat different as it is confusing and fascinates Paul. It is said that in public she flirts around, being sexy and sophisticated but when the two are alone she plays a sweet and vulnerable act. Even though, Audrey Hepburn plays a daring and sexy part in this film. She does not expose her body in an appealing way and to satisfy the male audience and their desire.
Although, she is sexy, stunning and sophisticated she does not show it in a seductive or provocative way. For instance; she does not show off flesh and is only a one man’s women. Never the less, in mean girls this is represented in the opposite way as young teenage girls are seen as sexual objects and dumb blonde bimbos.
By this, we can see how much society has changed over years gone by as, films in the 60’s were seen to be more about housewives and even though they were sexy they didn’t make it seductive in order to please the audience. Therefore; this goes against the typical values for women as their roles are changing as years go by.
Never the less, this is not the type of representation we as the audience would accept from a 1960’s film. As females were more to be seen as housewives, this goes against the hegemony values as this film shows a women that is seductive and sexy in a discreet way. Though, a vast majority of the time, the props that were worn throughout the movie was a long black dress which could signify that she’s powerful, has strong emotions and is sophisticated. Also, the fact that she wears a dark colour dress can be because, she’s feeling inconspicuous and maybe empty in terms of not having a man in her life or not receiving the day to day tender loving care.
Whilst studying the title on a number of different media platforms we can identify how this representation can be presented on broadcast, print and e-media. For example, for e-media the representation of teenage girls can be exaggerated on websites such as; miss bimbo. Whereby; the audience can create characters to their own likening. The user generated content allows individuals to get more involved with each other and share their opinions. On the website, www.missbimbo.com people can get involved with each other and talk amongst them. The website is more concentrated on how consumers can create their own characters and can browse the site for fashion tips and news etc.
Currently, in the 21st century we as the audience look at “teen films as addressing major issues like, alienation, delinquency, rebellion, sex and gender”. A great example of reinforcing this quote would be in the text ‘Mean Girls’ whereby; the main four protagonists form a group called ‘the plastics’. The plastics are represented as high maintenance ‘bimbos’, who attract the voyeuristic pleasure for the male audience.
Also, the assumption of the girls promoting sexuality and “humour arises from the use of sexual innuendo, double meanings, embarrassing situations, stereotyping of gender and sexuality”
Further, the primary audience which relates to the text “Mean Girls” and follows the conventions of a typical teen movie are females. The reason why the primary audience is females is because the text is almost an eye opener for teenage girls and their stereotypes. However, the secondary audience would be males typically for the ‘male desire’ and the attraction to the female body and the way in which the they are represented on screen.
Taking a scene from the text the character ‘Regina George’ said “stop calling each other sluts; it makes it okay for boys to call you that” This shows that there is an increase in female awareness of the patriarchal society, and that they are attempting to stop the negative stereotypes between themselves. Though, it is ‘okay’ and somewhat acceptable for boys to call them that.
To conclude, females are seen as bimbos and sex objects in teen movies because, the representation on screen is negative and the way in which they are constructed in cinema are in a sexual way whereby; they appeal to the male desire. This can be evident to the film mean girls as they are mainly dressed in a sexual way in order to grab the male’s attention. This follows Mulvey’s theory of the ‘male gaze’ as a male audience may watch the film for their own visual pleasure. Also, the film takes us on a journey about the different values and ideologies that occur in a distinctive teenager’s life and how they can be typically stereotyped in today’s society.
Word Count:
2,439
Bibliography
Works Cited:
Books:
1. Jill, N, (1996), an Introduction to Film Studies, London.
2. Laura, M,(1975), Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema, New York.
3. Graham, A, and David Probert, (2008), Advanced Media Studies: Unknown: Philip Allan Updates
4. Blandford, S, (2001), the Films Studies Dictionary, London: Arnold.
Websites:
1. Is Mulvey still relevant when analyzing female representation in action films, with partic: http://dominantroles.blogspot.com/
Female Protagonist:
2. http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/824016/index.html
3. Gender and Media Representation:
http://www.mediaknowall.com/as_alevel/alevel.php?pageID=gender
Works Consulted:
Books:
1. Graham, A, and David Probert, (2008), Advanced Media Studies: Unknown: Philip Allan Updates
2. Thompson, D, (2001), Radical Feminism Today. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Ltd
Websites:
1. Memorable quotes from Mean Girls:
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0377092/quotes
2. Mean Girls, Film Review:
http://www.apolloguide.com/mov_fullrev.asp?CID=5238
3. Official Paramount Website:
http://www.paramount.com/
4. Symbolic annihilation:
http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_annihilation
5. Feminist Film Theory:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Pleasure_and_Narrative_Cinema
6. Mean Girls:
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0377092/
7. Laura Mulvey:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Mulvey
Moving Text:
1. Mean Girls Clip:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKmkXNIZBJg
2. Breakfast at Tiffany’s Trailer:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=urQVzgEO_w8
3. Mean Girls:
http://www.imdb.com/video/screenplay/vi1827930905/
Newspapers:
1. It’s wrong to label young girls as promiscuous:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2010/jan/17/teenage-girls-celebrity-big-brother
2. Where have all the good women gone:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2009/feb/21/romantic-comedy-good-women
3. Where are the meaty comedy roles for women:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2009/feb/20/comedy-women-film-anne-billson
4. Lost Youth: Turning young girls into sex symbols:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2009/sep/18/lost-youth-young-girls
5. Observer survey reveals gender barrier stopping women reaching the top:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2009/aug/23/women-business-harriet-harman-equality
6. Just don’t call them chick flicks:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2007/aug/31/edinburghfilmfestival2007.festivals
Friday, 19 March 2010
Critical Investigation - First Page Changes
“Stop calling each other sluts; it makes it okay for boys to call you that”
To a large extent females in teen movies are seen by audiences to be bimbos and sex objects. This could be due to the way they are represented by the producers and the costumes that they are dressed in, which are mainly revealing, sexual and provocative. A vast majority of the time, “female stars are constructed to appeal to male desire” and therefore in order to appeal to a traditional male audience female in teen movies are represented as passive objects. Laura Mulvey argued that “Hollywood cinema objectified women in an image for the pleasure of men” . This idea is evident in the 2004 movie, ‘Mean Girls, which follows the protagonist on her journey to becoming a ‘plastic’. The plastics, as the main protagonists of the narrative, are shown to be complete opposites. Regina George is constructed to be the ‘femme fatale’ of the movie, with ‘her lackies’ Karen Smith (the ‘bimbo’) and Gretchen Weiner (the ‘sheep’) following her every move which suggests the idea of a young women being more like a child wanting to be exactly like her favourite ‘Barbie doll’.
At the start of the movie, it is evident that Karen Smith, the first of the plastics that we are introduced to, is a bimbo. The scene depicts the ‘plastics’ partaking in a physical education lesson where Karen runs to catch the ball but ends up accidentally hitting it with her ‘boobs’ instead. Another female character, Janice, who contrastingly is shown to be a gothic, more ‘masculine’ figure, tells the protagonist: “That’s Karen Smith, she’s one of the dumbest girls you’ll ever meet.” The closes up shots of this group of friends sitting on the grass depict them mocking her and what she did to the character Damien in their English class. “She asked me how to spell ‘orange’!” This denigrates her in a sexist way and reinforces her status as the bimbo.
Further, an enduring common stereotype of a young female is the ‘bimbo’, which is typically denoted through, blonde hair, flashy make-up, large breasts, mini skirt and high heels. Also, she is seen to be uneducated, helpless and stupid; this appeals to a primary audience of males due to predatory male desire, which reinforces the idea of Mulvey’s theory of the active, controlling ‘male gaze’. Females in teen movies are more frequently given the passive roles rather than the active whereby, “In the past, lead roles for women have always seemed scarce compared to males” This argues that female actresses had limited roles.
http://dominantroles.blogspot.com/
Laura Mulvey (1975),"Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema”
Mean Girls Dir. Mark Waters (Viii). Perf. Mark Waters. Paramount, 2004.
Mean Girls Dir. Mark Waters (Viii). Perf. Mark Waters. Paramount, 2004.
Laura Mulvey’s (1975),page 145
To a large extent females in teen movies are seen by audiences to be bimbos and sex objects. This could be due to the way they are represented by the producers and the costumes that they are dressed in, which are mainly revealing, sexual and provocative. A vast majority of the time, “female stars are constructed to appeal to male desire” and therefore in order to appeal to a traditional male audience female in teen movies are represented as passive objects. Laura Mulvey argued that “Hollywood cinema objectified women in an image for the pleasure of men” . This idea is evident in the 2004 movie, ‘Mean Girls, which follows the protagonist on her journey to becoming a ‘plastic’. The plastics, as the main protagonists of the narrative, are shown to be complete opposites. Regina George is constructed to be the ‘femme fatale’ of the movie, with ‘her lackies’ Karen Smith (the ‘bimbo’) and Gretchen Weiner (the ‘sheep’) following her every move which suggests the idea of a young women being more like a child wanting to be exactly like her favourite ‘Barbie doll’.
At the start of the movie, it is evident that Karen Smith, the first of the plastics that we are introduced to, is a bimbo. The scene depicts the ‘plastics’ partaking in a physical education lesson where Karen runs to catch the ball but ends up accidentally hitting it with her ‘boobs’ instead. Another female character, Janice, who contrastingly is shown to be a gothic, more ‘masculine’ figure, tells the protagonist: “That’s Karen Smith, she’s one of the dumbest girls you’ll ever meet.” The closes up shots of this group of friends sitting on the grass depict them mocking her and what she did to the character Damien in their English class. “She asked me how to spell ‘orange’!” This denigrates her in a sexist way and reinforces her status as the bimbo.
Further, an enduring common stereotype of a young female is the ‘bimbo’, which is typically denoted through, blonde hair, flashy make-up, large breasts, mini skirt and high heels. Also, she is seen to be uneducated, helpless and stupid; this appeals to a primary audience of males due to predatory male desire, which reinforces the idea of Mulvey’s theory of the active, controlling ‘male gaze’. Females in teen movies are more frequently given the passive roles rather than the active whereby, “In the past, lead roles for women have always seemed scarce compared to males” This argues that female actresses had limited roles.
http://dominantroles.blogspot.com/
Laura Mulvey (1975),"Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema”
Mean Girls Dir. Mark Waters (Viii). Perf. Mark Waters. Paramount, 2004.
Mean Girls Dir. Mark Waters (Viii). Perf. Mark Waters. Paramount, 2004.
Laura Mulvey’s (1975),page 145
Critical Investigation Personalized Plan
Detailed Targets
1. More research into book quotes. Specially looking at how the trends of housewives and other teen movies. Also, I need to look into more texts that include female protagonists. This can help me to improve my essay because; I can compare my chosen text to many other different ones, allowing me to do a comparison of them. This may include texts from the 80’s and 90’s. This will demonstrate significant research and engagement with the primary text(s) and a range of secondary texts.
2. Secondly, I need to look into the wider contexts and the position of women in society and whether films reflect upon this or not. This will help me to identify if the representation of females in film have an impact upon women on the outside world. This is because; in today’s society many young teenage females see actors as role models and have this sense of being just like them. Therefore; they copy them and watch them on screen.
3. Thirdly, on the 2nd page of my essay I need to include a decent amount of media keywords as that is lacking at the moment. Using media terminology in near enough every sentence will not only help me improve but will show the examiner that I know what I’m talking about.
4. Further, I need to talk a bit more about representation and stereotypes of the female girls and the effect upon the audience. This will help to improve my essay because, I want to show that I am exploring the chosen topic and demonstrating autonomous research and exploration.
5. What’s more, I need to work on my bibliography as I need to include works cited and works consulted. Though, I yet need to conduct a significant amount of book research and find more quotes, I will do this at the very end as I will want my bibliography to be detailed, making use of a range of academic, media and contextual sources.
Next Steps – How to Improve
In order to develop upon my critical investigation I will be doing the following:
1. Go to the library – I will improve by going to different libraries in the borough to look at a range of different books, in order to gather effective quotes to include in my essay.
2. More time – I will take out more time to read over my essay and look at the feedback I have received carefully. Also, I will take out at least 1 hour everyday after school to work on my essay to make changes.
3. More research – Also, to improve I am going to read more books and research into the topic of teenage girls in a bit more depth. Looking at the influences and the impacts this may have upon the audience.
Overall Grade
Well, after reading through my essay, I believe that it is written as an average piece of work, which can actually be improved upon by at least one level. After looking at the marking criteria, I have myself a Level 2 – D/E. Reasons being because, I have only explored the chosen topic and demonstrating some evidence of research and exploration. Yet, I believe that I can appropriately present my work with a functional bibliography/source list and show that significant research has been undertaken.
Marked Grade - D+
1. More research into book quotes. Specially looking at how the trends of housewives and other teen movies. Also, I need to look into more texts that include female protagonists. This can help me to improve my essay because; I can compare my chosen text to many other different ones, allowing me to do a comparison of them. This may include texts from the 80’s and 90’s. This will demonstrate significant research and engagement with the primary text(s) and a range of secondary texts.
2. Secondly, I need to look into the wider contexts and the position of women in society and whether films reflect upon this or not. This will help me to identify if the representation of females in film have an impact upon women on the outside world. This is because; in today’s society many young teenage females see actors as role models and have this sense of being just like them. Therefore; they copy them and watch them on screen.
3. Thirdly, on the 2nd page of my essay I need to include a decent amount of media keywords as that is lacking at the moment. Using media terminology in near enough every sentence will not only help me improve but will show the examiner that I know what I’m talking about.
4. Further, I need to talk a bit more about representation and stereotypes of the female girls and the effect upon the audience. This will help to improve my essay because, I want to show that I am exploring the chosen topic and demonstrating autonomous research and exploration.
5. What’s more, I need to work on my bibliography as I need to include works cited and works consulted. Though, I yet need to conduct a significant amount of book research and find more quotes, I will do this at the very end as I will want my bibliography to be detailed, making use of a range of academic, media and contextual sources.
Next Steps – How to Improve
In order to develop upon my critical investigation I will be doing the following:
1. Go to the library – I will improve by going to different libraries in the borough to look at a range of different books, in order to gather effective quotes to include in my essay.
2. More time – I will take out more time to read over my essay and look at the feedback I have received carefully. Also, I will take out at least 1 hour everyday after school to work on my essay to make changes.
3. More research – Also, to improve I am going to read more books and research into the topic of teenage girls in a bit more depth. Looking at the influences and the impacts this may have upon the audience.
Overall Grade
Well, after reading through my essay, I believe that it is written as an average piece of work, which can actually be improved upon by at least one level. After looking at the marking criteria, I have myself a Level 2 – D/E. Reasons being because, I have only explored the chosen topic and demonstrating some evidence of research and exploration. Yet, I believe that I can appropriately present my work with a functional bibliography/source list and show that significant research has been undertaken.
Marked Grade - D+
Wednesday, 17 March 2010
Action Plan
Our action plan for this week is to:
- First draft front cover
- First draft of contents page
- Make changes to accordning to feedback
The reasons why we havent yet started our front cover and contents page is because, we feel that out of the whole production work the most effective and appealing page is going to be the front cover, therefore; it is vital to take out time with main page. Lastly, changes will be made according to feedback. We will ask several girls in our class about their opinions of the production so far and if they feel they are not automatically apealled to magazine we will change a few things around.
- First draft front cover
- First draft of contents page
- Make changes to accordning to feedback
The reasons why we havent yet started our front cover and contents page is because, we feel that out of the whole production work the most effective and appealing page is going to be the front cover, therefore; it is vital to take out time with main page. Lastly, changes will be made according to feedback. We will ask several girls in our class about their opinions of the production so far and if they feel they are not automatically apealled to magazine we will change a few things around.
Progression Report
From looking at the previous action plan, we have completed the following tasks:
-Diet Plan
-Article Page
-Fashion Spread
Although, some changes are yet to be made as we are having second thoughts about the fashion spread and making changes in terms of the layouting. The 1st draft of the diet page is complete though, pictures are awaiting to be uploaded 2 the page.
-Diet Plan
-Article Page
-Fashion Spread
Although, some changes are yet to be made as we are having second thoughts about the fashion spread and making changes in terms of the layouting. The 1st draft of the diet page is complete though, pictures are awaiting to be uploaded 2 the page.
Friday, 26 February 2010
Week by week plan
Week 1
-Research other leading publications such as; Heat, Ok and Star etc.
-Identify similar the codes and conventions
-Research into the Circulation of magazines
-Carry out psychographics research
Week 2
-Create a double page spread of the 'Fashions' page
-Carry out a survey for a group of GHS girls, covering the key issues of celebrity influences. E.g. Health Issues and Teenage Pregnancy etc
Week 3
-Conclude the survey results
-Draft and take photos of the interveiw
-Finalise mock ups
Week 4/5
-Adjusting and changing mock ups
-Begin to create the magazine, adding in any additional texts and images to articles
-Re-draft article texts to ensure that the language is addressable to our target audeince
-Research other leading publications such as; Heat, Ok and Star etc.
-Identify similar the codes and conventions
-Research into the Circulation of magazines
-Carry out psychographics research
Week 2
-Create a double page spread of the 'Fashions' page
-Carry out a survey for a group of GHS girls, covering the key issues of celebrity influences. E.g. Health Issues and Teenage Pregnancy etc
Week 3
-Conclude the survey results
-Draft and take photos of the interveiw
-Finalise mock ups
Week 4/5
-Adjusting and changing mock ups
-Begin to create the magazine, adding in any additional texts and images to articles
-Re-draft article texts to ensure that the language is addressable to our target audeince
Wednesday, 24 February 2010
More Research...
Teen Magazine genre
Teen magazines are magazines aimed at younger teenage readers, usually young women. They usually consisted of gossip, news, fashion tips and interviews and may include posters, stickers, small samples of cosmetics or other products and inserts. In the United States, teen magazines were conceived of during the 1940s. In the United Kingdom, Fleetway's Honey (1960-1986) is regarded as having established the sector. Teen magazines are produced in many countries worldwide, and enjoy wide popularity in Australia, Latin America, Europe, and Asia. Seventeen Magazine started publication in the US in 1944 and was the first magazine devoted to the needs and likes of adolescents. While some teen magazines focus almost exclusively on music and film stars, others feature more extensive coverage of lifestyle issues and are virtually junior versions of magazines such as Cosmopolitan or Cleo. In many countries, teen magazines are aimed almost exclusively at teenage girls.
Market Research Report
The teenage magazine sector has been shrinking rapidly since 2005, and still faces significant threats from a number of sources. One of the main factors leading to what seems to be the imminent demise of the sector is the `Kids Getting Older Younger' (KGOY) phenomenon. Rather than reading magazines created especially for their age group, young teenagers are turning to women's lifestyle glossies and celebrity magazines aimed at older readers.However, the biggest threat to the sector comes from other forms of entertainment — notably the Internet, but also television and radio. Teenagers are now able to access information about music and the other things that interest them almost instantly through the Internet, television and mobile telephones, and traditional teenage magazines struggle to compete with this.Most magazines within the sector have responded by creating their own online presence, but circulation figures for the traditional magazines continue to decline.
Week 1 - Mock Up
Above, is just a first insight of what the 'Glossy Magazine' will contain. As you can see we have gone for a binary opposition which is, Day Vs Night. This can be seen through the type of clothing we are going to promote to out audience. From looking at the double spread ewe have decided to go for a day wear page and night ewear page. Though, we are considering of having another clothing page similar to this one but, will contain a theme of summer swimwear.
Friday, 12 February 2010
PowerPoint Evaluation
By evaluating the presentation, I thought it was effective towards the audience and was clear to the financial backer to what we hope to pitch and produce over a specific period of time. The presentation went well in terms of, making a clear explanation, using media terminolgy, having a good colour scheme and eleborating upon each point.
Though, our presentation was significant and well structured it could of been simple in terms of the amount of text written on some sldes. Also, we could have mentioned audience theory in deeper depth along with psychographics and circulation fiugures for other leading publishers, such as; Closer, Heat, OK and Star.
Our next step will be to have a mock up of 'Glossy Magazine' and draft articles that will be included within the publication. These could consist of; Interveiws, Agony Aunt letters and general articles about celebrity influences upon teenage girls.
Though, our presentation was significant and well structured it could of been simple in terms of the amount of text written on some sldes. Also, we could have mentioned audience theory in deeper depth along with psychographics and circulation fiugures for other leading publishers, such as; Closer, Heat, OK and Star.
Our next step will be to have a mock up of 'Glossy Magazine' and draft articles that will be included within the publication. These could consist of; Interveiws, Agony Aunt letters and general articles about celebrity influences upon teenage girls.
Thursday, 4 February 2010
Research Homework - Production
List of 3 texts that I will use for my investigation, these magazines consist of:
· Heat
· Star
· OK
Heat – The website is controlled by Bauer London, a company incorporated in England and Wales. The magazine is concentrated around the generation of celebrities, lifestyle and gossip. The magazine offers the best in entertainment and celebrity news every week, This magazine is one the best selling magazines in the UK. The magazine was first launched in 1999 as a general entertainment mag. and was expanding in the market as years went by due to the success of readers and sales.
Star – The magazine was founded by a male called Rupert Murdoch in 1974 as a competition to the tabloid. The magazine mainly focuses upon celebrity coverage and gossip. Star was a great success and was soon recognised and established. The magazine is updated weekly and was first produced in the United States. It is said that, “The magazine came out on top as the most-read magazine, book or blog in a survey of 11- to 14-year-olds” and is consumed by a significant amount of young teenage girls.
OK- the OK magazine is packed out with big celebrity stories, photographs and stars from the world of showbiz and entertainment. This magazine includes all sorts of features for its audience, such as; fashion, gossip, competitions, break up and make up etc. In 1974 the institution started as a small publishing company with limitless vision. In the 80’s a range of special magazines were launched and only a specific amount were sold in the 90’s. However, the celebrity publishing was a success and women were the main target for these sales and readings. The OK magazine made the magazine print industry stronger as there were celebrity connections from the magazines. the process of making decisions can be done very often, and this is due to having the advantage of short lines of communication. Also, due to the ownership, which includes reproduction and distribution, there was tight control and there was commmitment as well as stamina, which contributed to the investment until the title had reached a higher status and had become market leader.
Whilst analysing this text we can see that, OK magazine has used bright and appealing colours in order to attract the audience eye. For instance; the colours yellow and red have the connotation of love and happiness. Meanwhile, there is high key lighting that is used for the medium shot image and big bold fonts to attract the reader’s attention. Also, the fact that they have 'EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEWS & PHOTOS' draws the audience to wanting to read the magazine.
In 1974 the institution started as a small publishing company with limitless vision. In the 80’s a range of special magazines were launched and only a specific amount were sold in the 90’s. However, the celebrity publishing was a success and women were the main target for these sales and readings.
The target audience for this text would be mainly females aged from around 16+. The magazine can be consumed through audience gratification, for instance, individuals may relate some of the articles to their own personal relationship or for escapsim purposes. Perhaps, they may just read the text simply for their visual pleasure.
The representation of the front cover of OK shows that in some way Tiger Woods is being represented as a sexual object as we can see some clevage through her provocative top.
· Heat
· Star
· OK
Heat – The website is controlled by Bauer London, a company incorporated in England and Wales. The magazine is concentrated around the generation of celebrities, lifestyle and gossip. The magazine offers the best in entertainment and celebrity news every week, This magazine is one the best selling magazines in the UK. The magazine was first launched in 1999 as a general entertainment mag. and was expanding in the market as years went by due to the success of readers and sales.
Star – The magazine was founded by a male called Rupert Murdoch in 1974 as a competition to the tabloid. The magazine mainly focuses upon celebrity coverage and gossip. Star was a great success and was soon recognised and established. The magazine is updated weekly and was first produced in the United States. It is said that, “The magazine came out on top as the most-read magazine, book or blog in a survey of 11- to 14-year-olds” and is consumed by a significant amount of young teenage girls.
OK- the OK magazine is packed out with big celebrity stories, photographs and stars from the world of showbiz and entertainment. This magazine includes all sorts of features for its audience, such as; fashion, gossip, competitions, break up and make up etc. In 1974 the institution started as a small publishing company with limitless vision. In the 80’s a range of special magazines were launched and only a specific amount were sold in the 90’s. However, the celebrity publishing was a success and women were the main target for these sales and readings. The OK magazine made the magazine print industry stronger as there were celebrity connections from the magazines. the process of making decisions can be done very often, and this is due to having the advantage of short lines of communication. Also, due to the ownership, which includes reproduction and distribution, there was tight control and there was commmitment as well as stamina, which contributed to the investment until the title had reached a higher status and had become market leader.
Whilst analysing this text we can see that, OK magazine has used bright and appealing colours in order to attract the audience eye. For instance; the colours yellow and red have the connotation of love and happiness. Meanwhile, there is high key lighting that is used for the medium shot image and big bold fonts to attract the reader’s attention. Also, the fact that they have 'EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEWS & PHOTOS' draws the audience to wanting to read the magazine.
In 1974 the institution started as a small publishing company with limitless vision. In the 80’s a range of special magazines were launched and only a specific amount were sold in the 90’s. However, the celebrity publishing was a success and women were the main target for these sales and readings.
The target audience for this text would be mainly females aged from around 16+. The magazine can be consumed through audience gratification, for instance, individuals may relate some of the articles to their own personal relationship or for escapsim purposes. Perhaps, they may just read the text simply for their visual pleasure.
The representation of the front cover of OK shows that in some way Tiger Woods is being represented as a sexual object as we can see some clevage through her provocative top.
Wednesday, 13 January 2010
Task 6 - Introduction & First Paragraph
"Stop calling each other sluts; it makes it okay for boys to call you that."[1]
To a certain extent females in teen movies are seen to be bimbos and objects. This could be due to the way they are represented in movies and the props that they are dressed in, which is mainly provocative. A vast majority of the time, “female stars are constructed to appeal to male desire”[2] and therefore to appeal to a male audience female in teen movies are represented as objects. Laura Mulvey’s argued that “Hollywood cinema objectified women in an image for the pleasure of men”[3] this can be evident to why females are represented negatively on screen and act the seductive manner they are represented having. This idea is evident in the 2004 movie, ‘Mean Girls, follows the protagonist on her journey to becoming a ‘plastic’. The plastics, as the main protagonists of the narrative, are shown to be complete opposites. Regina George is shown to be the femme fatale of the movie, with ‘her lackies’ Karen Smith (the bimbo) and Gretchen Weiner (the sheep) following her every move which relates back to the idea of a child wanting to be exactly like her favourite ‘Barbie doll’.
[1] Mean Girls Dir. Mark Waters (Viii). Perf. Mark Waters. Paramount, 2004. Film.
[2]http://dominantroles.blogspot.com/
[3] Laura Mulvey’s (1975),"Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema”
At the start of the movie, it is evident that Karen Smith, the first of the plastics that we are introduced to, is a bimbo. The scene depicts the ‘plastics’ partaking in a physical education lesson where Karen runs to catch the ball but accidentally hitting it with her ‘boobs’ instead. Another female character, Janice, who contrastingly is shown to be a gothic, masculine figure, tells the protagonist “That’s Karen Smith, she’s one of the dumbest girls you’ll ever meet.”[1] The close up shots of the group of friends sitting on the grass laugh and talk about ‘Karen Smith’ and start mocking her and what she did to Damien in their English class. “She asked me how to spell ‘orange’!” [2]This reinforces her status as the bimbo as ‘orange’ is a word which children are taught to spell in the early years of primary.
[1] Mean Girls Dir. Mark Waters (Viii). Perf. Mark Waters. Paramount, 2004. Film
[2] Mean Girls Dir. Mark Waters (Viii). Perf. Mark Waters. Paramount, 2004. Film.
Further, the common stereotype of a female is the term ‘bimbo’, which is typically shown through, blonde hair, flashy make-up, large breasts, mini skirt and high heels. Also, she is seen to be uneducated, helpless and stupid, this appeal to a primary audience of males due to the male desire, which reinforces the idea of Mulvey’s theory of the male gaze. Females in teen movies are given more the passive roles than the active whereby, “In the past, lead roles for women have always seemed scarce compared to males”[1] This quote shows that female actresses had limited roles against men as they over powered the cinema. In ’Mean Girls’ the female actresses have the roles of being a distinctive ‘girly’ girl. However, males play part in more of the action part of the script. “When females have roles, they are mostly shown as being negative roles,”[1] this can be seen in the movie Mean Girls as they are constantly being represented negatively throughout the film, which is due to the role that they have been told to play and take part in. This can be due to the clothing they wear and the way they act. For example; the medium slow motion shot of the four main protagonists in Mean Girls draws attention to the clothing, which is exceedingly sexual which backs up the quote above. What’s more, a shot shows the way the ‘four plastics’ walk in the corridor, this somewhat shows that the characters are seductive and resembles a predator going after its prey, reinforcing that they are ‘man eaters’.
[1] http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_annihilation
[1] Laura Mulvey’s (1975),"Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema”
More to the point, “The typical complaint is that women in films are either 'virgins, mothers or whores”[1], this quote shows that women have set roles in cinema viewings, which portrays the fact that there will always be an appalling and negative reputation for females. This can seen in the text ‘Mean ‘Girls’ as there is a particular clip in the film showing Karen Smith going inside her bedroom with a male, Which then her mum knock on the door and say’s: “Can I get you kids anything? Something to eat or drink?, How about a Condom?”[2] This quote shows that mothers are seen to be just as bad and near enough saying that having sex is acceptable and ok. However, this goes against the typical ideology of women as they are meant to be represented as housewives that cook and clean for their family. Also, it shows how values have changed over time in society as parents in the past would educate their child about something useful and necessary. The fact that she said ‘kid’ makes it more dramatic as it shows that their not even old enough to have sex.
[1] http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/824016/index.html
[2] Mean Girls. Dir. Mark Waters (Viii). Perf. Mark Waters. Paramount, 2004. Film.
On the other hand, female stars are making the films more exciting and thrilling to watch. This can be due to “The number of female protagonists has increased, and female characters play a larger part in propelling the narrative forward”[1]. This can be obvious through the role of being a sexual object to satisfy the male desire or being a ‘bimbo’ to make the film appeal to a wider market. Also, the quote shows that females are being used to make the film more recognised and known, and this will be done by the way they act on screen and the role that they will play.
[1] http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/824016/index.html
The main protagonists are dressed in tight costumes such as; long leather boots, tight leather like red skirts and boob tubes. The connotation of this specific colour signifies love, passion and romance. Combining both the connotations and provocative clothing shows that the text is partially for a male audience because, males are seen to be attracted to the female body, and the red connotation represents romance between the opposite sexes. Therefore the "Audience gains voyeuristic pleasure from watching a film"[1]
[1] Jill, Nelmes, 1996, An Introduction To Film Studies, London, Jill Nelmes. Page 230
Also, the text can be viewed for a C1 and below demo-graphic audience. Moreover, the audience can relate to the text for escapism and surveillance purposes. Whereby; they may relate the text to their personal relationship or watch the film for their own visual pleasure. The target audience for the film is mainly targeted at females who may watch the text for personal identity.
In contrast, the film Breakfast at Tiffany’s (1961) The reason why I have chosen this text in contrast to mean girls is because, it is a well recognized mainstream hit whereas, mean girls is a modernized version of a teen movie in today’s generation. The film is about a man who moves into a New York apartment building and becomes interested in his pretty, quirky neighbour Holly Golightly. Her lifestyle is somewhat different as it is confusing and fascinates Paul. It is said that in public she flirts around, being sexy and sophisticated but when the two are alone she plays a sweet and vulnerable act. Even though, Audrey Hepburn plays a daring and sexy part in this film. She does not expose her body in an appealing way and to satisfy the male audience and their desire.
Although, she is sexy, stunning and sophisticated she does not show it in a seductive or provocative way. For instance; she does not show off flesh and is only a one man’s women. Never the less, in mean girls this is represented in the opposite way as young teenage girls are seen as sexual objects and dumb blonde bimbos. By this, we can see how much society has changed over years gone by because, films in the 60’s were seen to be more about housewives and even though they were sexy they didn’t make it seductive in order to please the audience. Therefore; this goes against the typical values for women as their roles are changing as years go by.
Never the less, this is not the type of representation we as the audience would accept from a 1960’s film. As females were more to be seen as housewives, this goes against the hegemony values as this film shows a women that is seductive and sexy in a discreet way. Though, a vast majority of the time, the props that were worn throughout the movie was a long black dress which could signify that she’s powerful, has strong emotions and is sophisticated. Also, the fact that she wears a dark colour dress can be because, she’s feeling inconspicuous and maybe empty.
Whilst studying the title on a number of different media platforms identify how this representation can be presented on broadcast, print and e-media. For example, for e-media the representation of teenage girls can be exaggerated on websites such as; miss bimbo. Whereby; the audience can create characters to their own likening. The user generated content allows individuals to get more involved with each other and share their opinions. On the website, www.missbimbo.com people can get involved with each other and talk amongst them. The website is more concentrated on how consumers can create their own characters and can browse the site for fashion tips and news etc.
To a certain extent females in teen movies are seen to be bimbos and objects. This could be due to the way they are represented in movies and the props that they are dressed in, which is mainly provocative. A vast majority of the time, “female stars are constructed to appeal to male desire”[2] and therefore to appeal to a male audience female in teen movies are represented as objects. Laura Mulvey’s argued that “Hollywood cinema objectified women in an image for the pleasure of men”[3] this can be evident to why females are represented negatively on screen and act the seductive manner they are represented having. This idea is evident in the 2004 movie, ‘Mean Girls, follows the protagonist on her journey to becoming a ‘plastic’. The plastics, as the main protagonists of the narrative, are shown to be complete opposites. Regina George is shown to be the femme fatale of the movie, with ‘her lackies’ Karen Smith (the bimbo) and Gretchen Weiner (the sheep) following her every move which relates back to the idea of a child wanting to be exactly like her favourite ‘Barbie doll’.
[1] Mean Girls Dir. Mark Waters (Viii). Perf. Mark Waters. Paramount, 2004. Film.
[2]http://dominantroles.blogspot.com/
[3] Laura Mulvey’s (1975),"Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema”
At the start of the movie, it is evident that Karen Smith, the first of the plastics that we are introduced to, is a bimbo. The scene depicts the ‘plastics’ partaking in a physical education lesson where Karen runs to catch the ball but accidentally hitting it with her ‘boobs’ instead. Another female character, Janice, who contrastingly is shown to be a gothic, masculine figure, tells the protagonist “That’s Karen Smith, she’s one of the dumbest girls you’ll ever meet.”[1] The close up shots of the group of friends sitting on the grass laugh and talk about ‘Karen Smith’ and start mocking her and what she did to Damien in their English class. “She asked me how to spell ‘orange’!” [2]This reinforces her status as the bimbo as ‘orange’ is a word which children are taught to spell in the early years of primary.
[1] Mean Girls Dir. Mark Waters (Viii). Perf. Mark Waters. Paramount, 2004. Film
[2] Mean Girls Dir. Mark Waters (Viii). Perf. Mark Waters. Paramount, 2004. Film.
Further, the common stereotype of a female is the term ‘bimbo’, which is typically shown through, blonde hair, flashy make-up, large breasts, mini skirt and high heels. Also, she is seen to be uneducated, helpless and stupid, this appeal to a primary audience of males due to the male desire, which reinforces the idea of Mulvey’s theory of the male gaze. Females in teen movies are given more the passive roles than the active whereby, “In the past, lead roles for women have always seemed scarce compared to males”[1] This quote shows that female actresses had limited roles against men as they over powered the cinema. In ’Mean Girls’ the female actresses have the roles of being a distinctive ‘girly’ girl. However, males play part in more of the action part of the script. “When females have roles, they are mostly shown as being negative roles,”[1] this can be seen in the movie Mean Girls as they are constantly being represented negatively throughout the film, which is due to the role that they have been told to play and take part in. This can be due to the clothing they wear and the way they act. For example; the medium slow motion shot of the four main protagonists in Mean Girls draws attention to the clothing, which is exceedingly sexual which backs up the quote above. What’s more, a shot shows the way the ‘four plastics’ walk in the corridor, this somewhat shows that the characters are seductive and resembles a predator going after its prey, reinforcing that they are ‘man eaters’.
[1] http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_annihilation
[1] Laura Mulvey’s (1975),"Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema”
More to the point, “The typical complaint is that women in films are either 'virgins, mothers or whores”[1], this quote shows that women have set roles in cinema viewings, which portrays the fact that there will always be an appalling and negative reputation for females. This can seen in the text ‘Mean ‘Girls’ as there is a particular clip in the film showing Karen Smith going inside her bedroom with a male, Which then her mum knock on the door and say’s: “Can I get you kids anything? Something to eat or drink?, How about a Condom?”[2] This quote shows that mothers are seen to be just as bad and near enough saying that having sex is acceptable and ok. However, this goes against the typical ideology of women as they are meant to be represented as housewives that cook and clean for their family. Also, it shows how values have changed over time in society as parents in the past would educate their child about something useful and necessary. The fact that she said ‘kid’ makes it more dramatic as it shows that their not even old enough to have sex.
[1] http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/824016/index.html
[2] Mean Girls. Dir. Mark Waters (Viii). Perf. Mark Waters. Paramount, 2004. Film.
On the other hand, female stars are making the films more exciting and thrilling to watch. This can be due to “The number of female protagonists has increased, and female characters play a larger part in propelling the narrative forward”[1]. This can be obvious through the role of being a sexual object to satisfy the male desire or being a ‘bimbo’ to make the film appeal to a wider market. Also, the quote shows that females are being used to make the film more recognised and known, and this will be done by the way they act on screen and the role that they will play.
[1] http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/824016/index.html
The main protagonists are dressed in tight costumes such as; long leather boots, tight leather like red skirts and boob tubes. The connotation of this specific colour signifies love, passion and romance. Combining both the connotations and provocative clothing shows that the text is partially for a male audience because, males are seen to be attracted to the female body, and the red connotation represents romance between the opposite sexes. Therefore the "Audience gains voyeuristic pleasure from watching a film"[1]
[1] Jill, Nelmes, 1996, An Introduction To Film Studies, London, Jill Nelmes. Page 230
Also, the text can be viewed for a C1 and below demo-graphic audience. Moreover, the audience can relate to the text for escapism and surveillance purposes. Whereby; they may relate the text to their personal relationship or watch the film for their own visual pleasure. The target audience for the film is mainly targeted at females who may watch the text for personal identity.
In contrast, the film Breakfast at Tiffany’s (1961) The reason why I have chosen this text in contrast to mean girls is because, it is a well recognized mainstream hit whereas, mean girls is a modernized version of a teen movie in today’s generation. The film is about a man who moves into a New York apartment building and becomes interested in his pretty, quirky neighbour Holly Golightly. Her lifestyle is somewhat different as it is confusing and fascinates Paul. It is said that in public she flirts around, being sexy and sophisticated but when the two are alone she plays a sweet and vulnerable act. Even though, Audrey Hepburn plays a daring and sexy part in this film. She does not expose her body in an appealing way and to satisfy the male audience and their desire.
Although, she is sexy, stunning and sophisticated she does not show it in a seductive or provocative way. For instance; she does not show off flesh and is only a one man’s women. Never the less, in mean girls this is represented in the opposite way as young teenage girls are seen as sexual objects and dumb blonde bimbos. By this, we can see how much society has changed over years gone by because, films in the 60’s were seen to be more about housewives and even though they were sexy they didn’t make it seductive in order to please the audience. Therefore; this goes against the typical values for women as their roles are changing as years go by.
Never the less, this is not the type of representation we as the audience would accept from a 1960’s film. As females were more to be seen as housewives, this goes against the hegemony values as this film shows a women that is seductive and sexy in a discreet way. Though, a vast majority of the time, the props that were worn throughout the movie was a long black dress which could signify that she’s powerful, has strong emotions and is sophisticated. Also, the fact that she wears a dark colour dress can be because, she’s feeling inconspicuous and maybe empty.
Whilst studying the title on a number of different media platforms identify how this representation can be presented on broadcast, print and e-media. For example, for e-media the representation of teenage girls can be exaggerated on websites such as; miss bimbo. Whereby; the audience can create characters to their own likening. The user generated content allows individuals to get more involved with each other and share their opinions. On the website, www.missbimbo.com people can get involved with each other and talk amongst them. The website is more concentrated on how consumers can create their own characters and can browse the site for fashion tips and news etc.
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